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NEW YORK (Bloomberg) -- The U.S. may challenge Saudi Arabia and Russia in the next two years in the race to become the world’s largest oil producer.

U.S. output will rise to 10 MMbpd as soon as next month and top 11 million in November 2019, according to government forecasts Tuesday. That compares with almost 11 MMbbl of Russian production in 2017 and Bloomberg estimates of just below 10 million from Saudi Arabia in December. Both countries have pledged to limit output this year to curb supply and boost prices, though the kingdom has indicated it could pump another 2 million.

“If the pricing environment is supportive, there is no reason” why the U.S. wouldn’t reach those levels, Ashley Petersen, lead oil analyst at Stratas Advisors in New York, said by telephone. “Saudi Arabia and Russia aren’t really making new investments on the scale we would expect to be competitive at those volumes in 2019.”

The growth of North American shale production, which caused an estimated 5% increase in U.S. crude production in 2017, has rocked the oil industry in the past few years, spurring the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and other traditional producers led by Saudi Arabia and Russia to cut output to trim global inventories.

Production rivals

U.S. output will average 10.3 MMbpd this year and 10.9 million in 2019, both higher than the record 9.6 million pumped in 1970, according to the Energy Information Administration’s monthly Short-Term Energy Outlook, which attributed the projected growth to shale production in Texas and North Dakota. The figures compare with a preliminary estimate of 9.3 million for 2017.

“Led by U.S. production, particularly the Permian Basin, and now new oil sands projects in Canada, non-OPEC production is forecast to continue growing through the end of 2019,” John Conti, acting administrator of the agency, the statistical arm of the U.S. Energy Department, said in a statement. “We expect to see growth near 2 million barrels per day in 2018 and 1.3 MMbpd in 2019.”

But both Russia and Saudi Arabia have demonstrated an ability to give the U.S. a run for its money once the OPEC/non-OPEC agreement expires.

Russia, Saudi

Russia pumped 11.23 MMbpd in October 2016, a month before the accord was announced, and hit an annual production record in 2017, according to data published last week by the Energy Ministry’s CDU-TEK statistics unit. It was the ninth consecutive annual increase, taking output to the highest level since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Saudi Arabia, OPEC’s largest producer, kept production right around 10 MMbpd in 2017, but pumped as much as 10.7 million in July 2016, according to Bloomberg estimates. Energy Minister Khalid Al-Falih has said the kingdom has another 2 MMbpd of spare capacity, meaning it projects being able to ramp up to around 12 million.

Any potential changes in policy from players like OPEC or supply disruptions in key U.S. basins would risk affecting the U.S. estimates, EIA officials acknowledged on a conference call Tuesday. EIA’s outlook included increases in its forecasts for oil prices, global production and demand.